Cimicifuga w/ 18% standardized Triterpene Glycoside

Triterpene Glycoside: One of the first studies involved 36 postmenopausal women treated with Remifemin (an alcoholic extract of black cohosh roots containing Triterpene Glycoside). Treatment for 12 weeks resulted in a decrease in menopausal symptoms, with no reported side effects. These results were supported by a similar study published the next year. This 12-week study of 50 postmenopausal women assessed symptoms utilizing the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Triterpene Glycoside treatment resulted in a significant improvement in both the POMS and CGI scales. The only side effect noted was mild gastrointestinal disturbances in four patients.*

Several studies have compared Triterpene Glycoside to conventional treatment of menopausal symptoms with various forms of oestrogen or diazepam (Valium). One study compared the efficacy of Triterpene Glycoside in treating menopausal symptoms to hormone treatment or therapy with a psychotropic drug in 60 patients.6 Triterpene Glycoside (two 1 mg tablets twice daily), conjugated oestrogens (Premarin, 0.625 mg/day) or diazepam (Valium, 2 mg/day) was given for three months. Triterpene Glycoside was found to be more effective than Premarin or Valium in relieving the depressive mood and anxiety associated with menopause.*

Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.

Geller SE, Shulman LP, van Breemen RB, Banuvar S, Zhou Y, Epstein G, Hedayat S, Nikolic D, Krause EC, Piersen CE, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NR. Menopause. 2009 Nov-Dec;16(6):1156-66.*

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover compared with placebo for the relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms.*

Methods: This study was a randomized, four-arm, double blind clinical trial of standardized black cohosh, red clover, placebo, and 0.625 mg conjugated equine oestrogens plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE/MPA; n = 89). Primary outcome measures were reduction in vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes and night sweats) by black cohosh and red clover compared with placebo; secondary outcomes included safety evaluation, reduction of somatic symptoms, relief of sexual dysfunction, and overall improvement in quality of life.*

Results: Reductions in number of vasomotor symptoms after a 12-month intervention were as follows: black cohosh (34%), red clover (57%), placebo (63%), and CEE/MPA (94%), with only CEE/MPA differing significantly from placebo. Black cohosh and red clover did not significantly reduce the frequency of vasomotor symptoms as compared with placebo. Secondary measures indicated that both botanicals were safe as administered. In general, there were no improvements in other menopausal symptoms.*

Conclusions: Compared with placebo, black cohosh and red clover did not reduce the number of vasomotor symptoms. Safety monitoring indicated that chemically and biologically standardized extracts of black cohosh and red clover were safe during daily administration for 12 months.*

Effects of black cohosh extract on body weight gain, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, plasma lipids and glucose tolerance in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats.

Rachoñ D, Vortherms T, Seidlová-Wuttke D, Wuttke W. Maturitas. 2008 Jul-Aug;60(3-4):209-15. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

Extracts of the black cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa (CR)) have long been used to treat oestrogen deficiency symptoms in women after menopause. Recent data from randomized controlled studies have shown that CR consumption alleviates "hot flushes" and due to the lack of uterotropic effects can be a safe alternative to oestrogen REPLACE ment therapy.*

Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary CR extract consumption on body weight (BW) gain, intra-abdominal fat (IAF) accumulation, plasma leptin, lipids and glucose tolerance in ovariectomized rats and to compare them with the effects of 17beta-estradiol.*

Design: Twenty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and fed soy-free chow with the addition of estradiol-3 benzoate (E2B) (10mg/kg, n = 10) or CR BNO 1055 extract (6.67 g/kg, n = 9). The control group (n = 8) received soy-free chow only. Weight and food intake were recorded once a week. After 6 weeks, intra-abdominal fat was measured using computer tomography and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. In the seventh week of the experiment animals were sacrificed, blood was collected for plasma and uteri were removed.*

Results: Dietary CR BNO 1055 extract had no effects on uterine mass but significantly reduced serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (P< 0.05). Although, the average weekly food consumption throughout the experiment (calculated in g/kg of BW) did not differ between our studied groups, E2B or CR BNO 1055 treated animals gained less weight and had significantly less IAF accumulation compared to control animals (P< 0.05). E2B treatment also decreased plasma total (T-,) high-density lipoprotein (HDL-) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P< 0.05). Plasma T-Ch levels in CR BNO 1055 treated animals did not differ from the controls whereas LDL-Ch levels were significantly higher and plasma triglycerides (TG) significantly lower (P<0.05). In the glucose tolerance test, the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly smaller in the E2B treated animals compared to controls (P<0.05). AUC in CR BNO 1055 treated animals did not differ significantly from the controls (P>0.05). Nevertheless, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels were significantly lower in E2B and CR BNO 1055 treated animals (P<0.05).*

Conclusions: In OVX rats, CR BNO 1055 extract consumption decreases enhanced pituitary LH secretion, attenuates body weight gain and IAF accumulation, lowers FPI and has no effects on uterine mass. The effects on plasma lipids seem to be more complex and are characterized by an increase of LDL-Ch and decrease of TG levels, which is in contrast to the effects of oestrogen.*

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review of its efficacy

Borrelli F, Ernst E. Pharmacol Res. 2008 Jul;58(1):8-14. Epub 2008 Jun 8.

Since conventional hormone REPLACE ment therapy has fallen out of favour, alternatives are being sought by many women. These therapies include herbal preparations such as black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). The purpose of this MERGE of a previous systematic review is to evaluate the clinical evidence for or against the efficacy of black cohosh in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Five computerized databases (Medline, Embase, Amed, Phytobase and Cochrane Library) were searched to identify all clinical data that provided evidence on the efficacy of C. racemosa. Bibliographies of the articles thus located were scanned for further relevant publications. Only double blind, randomized, clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the evaluation of efficacy. No language restrictions were imposed. Trials were excluded if they did not focus on menopausal problems, they included women suffering medically induced menopause, they did not use black cohosh monopreparations, or they did not use placebo or a standard drug treatment for the control group. Six studies with a total of 1112 peri-and post-menopausal women met our inclusion criteria. The evidence from these RCTs does not consistently demonstrate an effect of black cohosh on menopausal symptoms; a beneficial effect of black cohosh on peri-menopausal women cannot be excluded. The efficacy of black cohosh as a treatment for menopausal symptoms is uncertain and further rigorous trials seem warranted.*

Polygoni multiflorum

Polygoni multiflorum, which shows evidence it increases the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and decrease levels of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), lipid peroxide, malonyl dialdehyde (MDA); these are believed to be markers for anti-aging effects.*

Angelica polymorpha (Dang gui)

Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis.

Circosta C, Pasquale RD, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Occhiuto F. Phytother Res. 2006 Aug;20(8):665-9.

Since ancient times, extracts of plants have been used for women's health to prevent menopausal symptoms. The symptoms of menopause have been attributed to a reduction in the amount of oestrogen produced by the ovaries. In this study the estrogenic activity of a commercial standardized extract of the roots of Angelica sinensis, used to relieve climacteric symptoms was evaluated using in vivo tests such as the degree of cornification of vaginal epithelium, uterotrophic assays and serum LH concentration in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the effects on the oestrous cycle in rat were investigated. The results obtained have shown that the administration of a standardized ethanol extract in ovariectomized rats exhibited a stimulation of the uterine histoarchitecture, a significant cornification in the vaginal epithelium and a reduction of serum LH concentration showing the estrogenic nature of the extract. Furthermore, the administration of the extract in intact female rats provoked a significant modification of the vaginal smear in 67% of treated rats. The oestrous cycle thus modified was characterized by a prolonged oestrus stage with a temporary reduction of the regular cyclicity.*

The immediate effect of natural plant extract, Angelica sinensis and Matricaria chamomilla (Climex) for the treatment of hot flushes during menopause. A preliminary report.

Kupfersztain C, Rotem C, Fagot R, Kaplan B. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2003;30(4):203-6.

Objective: To assess the efficiency of a medicinal herb extract preparation (Climex) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.*

Method: In this placebo-controlled experiment on 55 postmenopausal women who complained of hot flushes and refused hormonal therapy. The women were randomly divided into two groups, one to receive Climex (5 chewable tablets daily between meals) and the other group to receive a placebo; both groups would take the tablets for 12 weeks. The women were asked to complete a daily structured (Kupperman) questionnaire assessing the frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms, starting one week prior to treatment to the completion of the study. All women underwent hormone profile measurements and transvaginal ultrasonography evaluation before and after treatment.*

Results: There was a significant difference between the study group and the control group in the decrease in number and intensity of hot flushes from baseline to completion of treatment (90-96% vs 15-25%, p< 0.001). In the study group, a response was already noted during the first month of treatment (68% +/-2% reduction of hot flushes during the day and 74% +/-4% during the night). There was also a marked alleviation of sleep disturbances and fatigue.*

Conclusions: Treatment with Climex seems to be effective for menopausal symptoms without apparent major adverse effects. This hormone-free preparation may be used as an important modality for menopausal women with contraindications for hormone REPLACE ment therapy.*

Acanthopanacis radicis

Acanthopanacis radicis accumulates in the pituitary, adrenal glands, pancreatic nuclei and spleen, aids in stress by delaying the exhaustive phase of adrenal depletion, and allows a more economical and efficient release of these hormones.*

Rehmannia

Rehmannia contains many amino acids. It protects the cortex of adrenal glands and liver function and significantly reduces inflammation. Rehmannia and angelica can work together to protect myelin sheath.*

Dang Gui speeds neurocyte growth and prevents the decline of process branches, which suggests it can have activity in humans for promoting nerve growth and delaying nerve degeneration.*

Study on phytoestrogenic-like effects of four kinds of Chinese medicine including Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong

Hao Q, Wang J, Niu J, Zhao P, Cui Y, Sun L, Xue X. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;34(5):620-4.

Objective: To explore the phytoestrogenic-like effects of four kinds of Chinese medicine including Radix rehmanniae preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong.*

Method: Sixty immature female SD rats weighting (70 +/-5) g were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, positive control group and 4 Chinese medicine groups. The rats in different groups were treated for 4 days. On the fifth day, animals were sacrificed and uteri were separated solely and weighed. The blood was collected, and serum was separated. The effect of the pharmacological serum on proliferation assay with human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) by MTT method. Cell-cycle analyses were carried out with propidium iodide staining by flow cytometer. The expressions of subtypes-oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) were detected by flow cytometry.*

Result: Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae Sinensis could increase the immature rat's uterus wet weight and the ratio of uterus to body weight (P< 0.05). The pharmacological serum of the four kinds of Chinese medicine stimulated proliferation of MCF7 cell respectively compared with normal control group (P< 0.01). The cell cycle was impulsed from G1 to S, DNA synthesizing was enhanced, and PI was also increased. The pharmacological serum of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong could increase the expressions of (ERalpha) (P< 0.05).*

Conclusion: Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae sinensis have phytoestrogenic effects. But the data weren’t consistent with in vitro and in vivo assay of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.*

Other herbs

Other herbs include Lycium, a great antioxidant, Epimedium, a pituitary / adrenal tonic, Pyrola, a human growth hormone stimulant, Polygonatum for skin and anti-ageing, Ginseng for vitality and Schizandra for increasing resistance to disease and stress, increasing energy, and increasing physical performance and endurance.*

Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms.

Liu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, Booth N, Constantinou AI, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Bolton JL. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 May;49(5):2472-9.

Eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity. Methanol extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus L.), and hops (Humulus lupulus L.) showed significant competitive binding to oestrogen receptors alpha (ER alpha) and beta (ER beta). With cultured Ishikawa (endometrial) cells, red clover and hops exhibited estrogenic activity as indicated by induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and up-regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA. Chasteberry also stimulated PR expression, but no induction of AP activity was observed. In S30 breast cancer cells, pS2 (presenelin-2), another oestrogen-inducible gene, was up regulated in the presence of red clover, hops, and chasteberry. Interestingly, extracts of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) induced pS2 mRNA expression in S30 cells, but no significant ER binding affinity, AP induction, or PR expression was noted in Ishikawa cells. Dong quai [Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels] and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) showed only weak ER binding and PR and pS2 mRNA induction. Black cohosh [Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.] showed no activity in any of the above in vitro assays. Bioassay-guided isolation utilizing ER competitive binding as a monitor and screening using ultrafiltration LC-MS revealed that genistein was the most active component of red clover. Consistent with this observation, genistein was found to be the most effective of four red clover isoflavones tested in the above in vitro assays. Therefore, estrogenic components of plant extracts can be identified using assays for estrogenic activity along with screening and identification of the active components using ultrafiltration LC-MS. These data suggest a potential use for some dietary supplements, ingested by human beings, in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.*

Lycium chinensis (Gou qi zi)

Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats’ sexual organ indexes and serum sexual hormone levels

WANG Chun-xiang, JIANG Guo-rong, LIANG Guo-qiang, WU Hui-jiag. Jiang Su Da Xue Xue Bao: Yi Xue Ban. 2007; 17(2): 118-120.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) on rats of different months and different sex. Methods: Twenty three SD female rats (15 months), 20 female rats (1.5 months) and 19 male rats (5.5 months) were divided into four, two and four groups according to their different doses of LBP. And the drug was poured into the rats’ stomach. Serum sexual hormone levels and sexual organ indexes were measured after two weeks. Results: Taken LBP two weeks later, the weight of uteruses and ovaries of female rats (15 months) were elevated; the weight of uteruses and ovaries of female rats (1.5 months) were increased remarkably; the weight of muscle levating anus of male rats (5.5 months) were increased remarkably. While the serum sex hormones of all the groups shown a lower level at normal ranges. Conclusion: LBP could elevate sexual organ index and keep a lower serum sex hormones level at the normal ranges, and further implied that LBP might exert the effects by affecting the sex hormone receptor.*

Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats’ sexual organ indexes and serum sexual hormone levels

WANG Chun-xiang, JIANG Guo-rong, LIANG Guo-qiang, WU Hui-jiag. Jiang Su Da Xue Xue Bao: Yi Xue Ban. 2007; 17(2): 118-120.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) on rats of different months and different sex.*

Methods: Twenty three SD female rats (15 months), 20 female rats (1.5 months) and 19 male rats (5.5 months) were divided into four, two and four groups according to their different doses of LBP. And the drug was poured into the rats’ stomach. Serum sexual hormone levels and sexual organ indexes were measured after two weeks.*

Results: Taken LBP two weeks later, the weight of uteruses and ovaries of female rats (15 months) were elevated; the weight of uteruses and ovaries of female rats (1.5 months) were increased remarkably; the weight of muscle levating anus of male rats (5.5 months) were increased remarkably. While the serum sex hormones of all the groups shown a lower level at normal ranges.*

Conclusion: LBP could elevate sexual organ index and keep a lower serum sex hormones level at the normal ranges, and further implied that LBP might exert the effects by affecting the sex hormone receptor.*

Epimedium sagittatum (Xian ling pi)

Differential Effects of Different Types of Tonifying Kidney on mRNA Expression of Estrogen Receptor of Amygdala and Cortical Parietal Lobe in Male Rats

CAI Jing, DU Jian, CAO Zhi-yun. Fu Jian Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2006; 16(1): 34-36.

Objective: To study the regulatory effects of two different herbs of tonifying kidney (Epimedium and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi) on mRNA expression of oestrogen receptor a and b of amygdala and cortical parietal lobe in male rats from molecule level.*

Methods: The male SD rats of group A and B were perfused with Epimedium and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi for 14 days respectively, group C as the control, then the mRNA expression of ERa and ERb were detected by RT-PCR.*

Result: The expression of ERa had no obvious variation between group A and B, but ERb in group A was higher than that of group B and C (P<0.01), the expression ERb of amygdala in group B was higher than the control group (P<0.05).*

Conclusion: Tonifying kidney perhaps improve the cognitive function through regulating ERb gene. The result disagrees with the traditional theory of Chinese medicine and we will open out and make sure this novel theory.*

Experimental studies on anti-Partial androgen deficiency effects of icariin

Zhang Zhenbao, Yang Qingtao. Zhong Guo Nan Ke Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 20(3): 47-50.

Objective: To explore the protective effects of icariin on partial androgen deficiency rat.*

Methods: Reproduction system of 15 months male rat was first damaged by CYP. After ig. Icariin and ip. Propyltestosterone, the content of serum T, LH, FSH, BGP and StrACP were determined. The change of histology of the testis and the penis were observed by microscope with the method of H-E staining and TUNEL method respectively.*

Results: (1) As to the contents of serum T, T group 04, 96±11.42)ng/ml and ICA group (10.94±2.04)ng/ml were statistically higher than C group 0.01±0.41)ng/mland M group (0.79±0.45)ng/m1. Furthermore, Tgroup as higher than ICA group, and C group as higher than M group (P<0, 05); (2) Serum BGP, T group (4.50±1, 70)ng/ml and ICA group (3.44±0.51) ng/ml were statistically higher than C group (1. 82±0.50)ng/ml and M group (1.22±0.50) ng/ml (P<0.05); (3)Serum Str ACP, T group (25.73±7.57)U/L and ICA group (19.99±8.63)U/L were statistically lower than C group(51.32±14.16)U/L and M group(64.89±12.57)U/L, Furthermore, C group was lower than M group (P<0, 05); (4)As to the cell apoptosis rate in rat penis, T group (22.65±5.17)% and ICA group(34.26±3.45)%were statistically lower than M group (48.28±6.74)%, (P<0.05).*

Conclusion: icariin possesses the anti-partial androgen deficiency effects, and is beneficial to PADAM.*

Comparative studies on protective effects on reproduction of Icariin and the substance extracted from the semen cuscutae in rats with partial androgen deficiency

ZHANG Zhen-Bao, YANG Qing-Tao, YANG Jing-Qiu, Zhen Junhong, Zhou Derong. Zhong Guo Lao Nian Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 26(10): 1389-1391.*

Objective: To evaluate the protective effects on reproduction of Icariin(ICA) and semen cuscutae(SSC) on partial androgen deficiency(PAD) rats.*

Methods: The male rat model for impaired reproduction system and partial androgen deficiency were made by cyclophosphamide to determine the content of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after ig. ICA and SCC. The change of histology of the testis and the penis were observed by microscope with the method of H-E staining and TUNEL method respectively.*

Results: (1) The contents of serum testosterone in ICA group were statistically higher than that in control group and model group, and were statistically lower than that in testosterone group (P<0.05). However, contents of serum testosterone in SSC group were higher than that in model group, and lower than that in testosterone group. But there had no statistically difference between SSC group and control group. (2) There had no statistically difference among every group as to the contents of LH and FSH. (3)The cell apoptosis rate in rat penis in testosterone group and ICA group were statistically lower than that in model group (P<0.05). But there had no statistical difference between SSC group and model group.*

Conclusions: ICA and SSC both have the protective effects on reproduction on partial androgen deficiency rats, but ICA is much more beneficial to PAD in the aging male (PADAM)..*

Study on the oestrogen-like effects of Epimedium extractive

YU Yan, YAN Hong, HU Sen ke, ZHANG Jing-hua. Xi An Jiao Tong Da Xue Xue Bao: Yi Xue Ban. 2009; 30(3): 373-376.

Objective: To investigate the oestrogen-like effects of Epimedium extractive.*

Methods: By using the uterus growth test in mice and test of MCF-7 proliferation and adding oestrogen receptor antagonist Icariin, we evaluated the estrogenic effects of Epimedium and Icariin and the possible mechanism.*

Results: Epimedium and lcariin increased significantly the uterus coefficient in mice from 0.097 ± 0.008 to 0.156 ± 0.018 and 0.152 ± 0.016, respectively; the weight increased significantly from (18.9±1.3)g to (19.8±1.3)g and (20.03± 1.3)g (P<0.05). Icariin increased significantly the serum level of E2 from (132.22 ± 11.45)ng/L to (147. 73 ± 12.43)ng/L and decreased FSH level from (50. 15 ± 3.36) mg/L to (44.47 ± 2.46) mg/L (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Epimedium group. There was obviously enhanced proliferation in MCF-7 in 24, 48 and 72 h (P<0.05), from 0.238±0.043, 0.387±0.051 and 0.563±0.083 to 0.362±0.045, 0.521±0.046 and 0.648±0.043 as well as 0. 324±0.043, 0.465±0.034 and 0.622±0.079, respectively. However, the cell proliferation was inhibited significantly by Icariin added in 72 h, the proliferation ratio decreased to 99. 461% and 94. 434%, respectively.*

Conclusion: Epimedium and Icariin have oestrogen-like effects and all of their effects arc realized through the oestrogen receptor.*

Panax ginseng (Ren shen)

Study on the Changes of Rat Testis Androgen Receptor mRNA Expression and Plasma Testosterone after Cold Stress

WANG Hong-jun, FENG Li, CHU Zheng, YU Ning, YANG Qing, ZHANG zhi-qiang, WANG Li-qiang, WU Yi-min. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 2008; 19(4): 929-930.

Objective: To study the effect of ginseng polysugar on the mRNA expression of testis tissue androgen receptor and plasma testosterone change after cold stress.*

Methods: Rats were divided into control group, cold stress experiment group and cold stress ginseng polysugar group, testis tissue androgen receptor mRNA expression was determined by rat androgen receptor cDNA probe dot blotting. Testosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay kit(RIA kit).*

Results: The content of testosterone (nmol/ L) was 10.93 ± 1.44 in control group, 6.06 ± 1.78 in cold stress experiment group, 8. 01 ± 1.38 in cold stress ginseng polysugar group. There was a significant synthesis difference between cold stress group and control group(P<0.05). Dot-blot: the mRNA expression of androgen receptor in cold stress group was weaker than that in control group, cold stress ginseng polysugar group was more than that in cold stress group.*

Conclusion: Testosterone has identical change with androgen receptor mRNA expression, ginseng polysugar has up regulation action for androgen receptor mRNA expression, and promote testosterone..*

The Effect of Ginseng Polysugar on Secretion Function of Luteal and Granulose Cell of Rat in vitro

SUN Yan, FENG Li, WANG Hong-jun, NIAN Chun-zhi, CHU Zheng, WANG Li-qiang, ZHANG zhi-qiang, WU Yi-min. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 2007; 18(8): 1925-1926.

Objective: To study using of ginseng polysugar on secretion function of female rat ovary. The experiment had observed progesterone and cAMP by HCG inducing luteal and granulose cell as well as living cell rate of oocyte in vitro.*

Methods: Rat luteal and granulose cell and oocyte was cultivated, cell counting was worked by. microscope, progesterone and cAMP content was determined by radioimmunoassay kit(RIA kit). Cell exist rate of oocyte was determined by MTF way.*

Results: Progesterone: the luteal cell test groups compare with control group, 6573.46 ± 185.14 and (4509.55 ±126.82) pmol, the granulose cell test groups compare with control group, 197.16±42.87 and (320.42±12, 46) pmol. cAMP: the luteal cell test groups compare with control group, 31.20±17.13and(65.26±15.93) fmol, the granulose cell test groups compare with control group, 121.15 ±19.96 and (296.42 ± 27.28)fmol,*

Conclusion: This treatise had demonstrated that ginseng polysugar can inhibit HCG inducing progesterone secretion and enhancing cAMP content of luteal and granulose cell of rat, ginseng polysugar has lower oocytes cell grow up inhibitory rate. It is evident that ginseng polysugar possesses characteristic of dose dependent.*

Schizandra chinensis (Wu wei zi)

The Effect of Schisandraceae on SOD and OFR Level of In Female Rats Ovary of Experimental Kidney Yin deficiency

ZHANG Tao, YAO Ning, WANG Xin. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi. 2006; 13(2): 37-37.

Objective: To approach the medicine-Schisandraceae-protective actions to the mice of experimental Kidney Yin deficiency from different angles.*

Method: To observe the level of SOD and OFR in the female rats ovary tissue in order to prove the medicine’s curative effect.*

Result: Schisandraceae can obviously increase the SOD and decrease the OFR to experimental Kidney Yin deficiency mice.*

Conclusion: Schisandraceae has very obviously protective action to experimental Kidney Yin deficiency by influencing content of SOD and OFR of female mice ovary tissue..*

References

Borrelli F, Ernst E. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review of its efficacy. Pharmacol Res. 2008 Jul;58(1):8-14. Epub 2008 Jun 8.

CAI Jing, DU Jian, CAO Zhi-yun. Differential Effects of Different Types of Tonifying Kidney on mRNA Expression of Estrogen Receptor of Amygdala and Cortical Parietal Lobe in Male Rats. Fu Jian Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2006; 16(1): 34-36.

Circosta C, Pasquale RD, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Occhiuto F. Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis. Phytother Res. 2006 Aug;20(8):665-9.

Geller SE, Shulman LP, van Breemen RB, Banuvar S, Zhou Y, Epstein G, Hedayat S, Nikolic D, Krause EC, Piersen CE, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NR. Safety and efficacy of black cohosh and red clover for the management of vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.

Menopause. 2009 Nov-Dec;16(6):1156-66.

Kupfersztain C, Rotem C, Fagot R, Kaplan B. The immediate effect of natural plant extract, Angelica sinensis and Matricaria chamomilla (Climex) for the treatment of hot flushes during menopause. A preliminary report. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2003;30(4):203-6.

Liu J, Burdette JE, Xu H, Gu C, van Breemen RB, Bhat KP, Booth N, Constantinou AI, Pezzuto JM, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Bolton JL. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 May;49(5):2472-9.

Hao Q, Wang J, Niu J, Zhao P, Cui Y, Sun L, Xue X. Study on phytoestrogenic-like effects of four kinds of Chinese medicine including Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;34(5):620-4.

Rachoñ D, Vortherms T, Seidlová-Wuttke D, Wuttke W. Maturitas. Effects of black cohosh extract on body weight gain, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, plasma lipids and glucose tolerance in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. 2008 Jul-Aug;60(3-4):209-15. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

SUN Yan, FENG Li, WANG Hong-jun, NIAN Chun-zhi, CHU Zheng, WANG Li-qiang, ZHANG zhi-qiang, WU Yi-min. The Effect of Ginseng Polysugar on Secretion Function of Luteal and Granulose Cell of Rat in vitro. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 2007; 18(8): 1925-1926.

WANG Chun-xiang, JIANG Guo-rong, LIANG Guo-qiang, WU Hui-jiag. Jiang Su Da Xue Xue Bao: Yi Xue Ban. Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats’ sexual organ indexes and serum sexual hormone levels. 2007; 17(2): 118-120.

WANG Chun-xiang, JIANG Guo-rong, LIANG Guo-qiang, WU Hui-jiag. Effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats’ sexual organ indexes and serum sexual hormone levels. Jiang Su Da Xue Xue Bao: Yi Xue Ban. 2007; 17(2): 118-120.

WANG Hong-jun, FENG Li, CHU Zheng, YU Ning, YANG Qing, ZHANG zhi-qiang, WANG Li-qiang, WU Yi-min. Study on the Changes of Rat Testis Androgen Receptor mRNA Expression and Plasma Testosterone after Cold Stress. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 2008; 19(4): 929-930.

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